Хэрэглэгч:Bilguun.alt/Ноорог/Агрономи
Агрономи бол хүнс, түлш, тэжээл, түүхий эд гаргаж авах зорилгоор ургамалын ашиглалтыг судалдаг шинжлэх ухаан юм. Үүнийг үр дүнтэй тогтвортой хэрэгжүүлэхийн тулд агрономи нь ургамалын генетик, ургамалын физиологи, метерологи болон хөрс судлалын салбарууд дахь судалгаануудыг хамруулан судалдаг.[1] Агрономи бол биологи, хими, экологи, дэлхий судлал болон генетик гэх мэт шинжлэх ухаануудын цогц хэрэглээний шинжлэх ухаан юм. Өнөө үед агрономичид хүнс үйлдвэрлэл, эрүүл хүнс бий болгох, байгаль орчин дахь нөлөөлөлд зохицуулалт хийх, ургамалаас эрчим хүч гаргаж авах зэрэг олон үйл ажиллагаанд оролцдог.[2] Агрономичид ихэвчлэн үр тариан сэлгэлт, усжуулалт, хөрс хатаалт, ургамалын эрлийзжүүлэлт, хөрсний ангилал, хөрсний үржил шим, хортон ургамалын хяналт, шавьж болон мэрэгчийн хяналт гэх мэт болон мөн бусад салбаруудаар дагнан мэргэшдэг.
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Wiktionary: агрономич – Энэ үгийг тайлбар толиос харна уу |
Plant Breeding засварлах
This area of high demand in Agronomy involves selective breeding of plants to produce the best crops under various conditions. Plant breeding has increased crop yields and has improved the nutritional value of several crops, including corn, soybeans, and wheat. It also has led to the development of new types of plants. For example, a hybrid grain called triticale was produced by crossbreeding rye and wheat. Triticale contains more usable protein than does either rye or wheat. Agronomy has also been instrumental in fruit and vegetable production research.
Biotechnology засварлах
Agronomists use biotechnology to extend and expedite the development of desired characteristics listed in the Plant Breeding section.[3] Biotechnology is is often a lab activity requiring field testing of the new crop varieties that are developed.
In addition to increasing crop yields, reducing crop vulnerability to environmental stresses, improving health and taste of foods, and reducing the need for field applied chemicals, agronomic biotechnology is increasingly being applied for novel uses other than food. For example, oilseed is at present used mainly for margarine and other food oils, but it can be modified to produce fatty acids for detergents, substitute fuels and petrochemicals.[4]
Soil Science засварлах
Agronomists study ways to make soils more productive sustainably. They classify soils and reproduce them to determine whether they contain substances vital to plant growth. Such nutritional substances include compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. If a certain soil is deficient in these substances, fertilizers may provide them. Agronomists investigate the movement of nutrients through the soil, and the amount of nutrients absorbed by a plant's roots. Agronomists also examine the development of the roots and their relation to the soil.
Soil Conservation засварлах
In addition, agronomists develop methods to preserve the soil and to decrease the effects of erosion by wind and water. For example, a technique called contour plowing may be used to prevent soil erosion and conserve rainfall. Researchers in agronomy also seek ways to use the soil more effectively in solving other problems. Such problems include the disposal of human and animal wastes; water pollution; and the build-up in the soil of chemicals called pesticides, which are used to kill insects and other pests. No-tilling crops is a technique now used to help prevent erosion. planting of soil binding grasses along contours can be tried in steep slopes. For better effect, contour drains of depths up to 1 metre may help retain the soil and prevent permanent wash off.
Agroecology засварлах
Agroecology is the management of agricultural systems with a strong emphasis on ecological and environmental perspectives.[5] This area is closely associated with work in the areas of Sustainable Agriculture, Organic Agriculture, and the development of alternative cropping systems.
Theoretical modelling засварлах
Agronomy Schools засварлах
Higher education is currently a common denominator for agronomist. There are many agronomy schools around the world with high standards and first class research facilities.
Career Outlook засварлах
Employment of Agronomists is expected to grow 9 percent between 2006 and 2016, about as fast as the average for all occupations. Past agricultural research has created higher yielding crops, crops with better resistance to pests and plant pathogens, and more effective fertilizers and pesticides. Research is still necessary, however, particularly as insects and diseases continue to adapt to pesticides and as soil fertility and water quality continue to need improvement.
Emerging biotechnologies will play an ever larger role in agricultural research. Scientists will be needed to apply these technologies to the creation of new food products and other advances. Moreover, increasing demand is expected for biofuels and other agricultural products used in industrial processes. Agricultural scientists will be needed to find ways to increase the output of crops used in these products.
Agronomists will also be needed to balance increased agricultural output with protection and preservation of soil, water, and ecosystems. They increasingly encourage the practice of sustainable agriculture by developing and implementing plans to manage pests, crops, soil fertility and erosion, and animal waste in ways that reduce the use of harmful chemicals and do little damage to farms and the natural environment.[6]
Most agronomists are consultants, researchers, or teachers. Many work for agricultural experiment stations, federal or state government agencies, industrial firms, or universities. Agronomists also serve in such international organizations as the Agency for International Development and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
See also засварлах
References засварлах
- ↑ http://mn.wiktionary.org/wiki/агрономи
- ↑ http://www.ImAnAgronomist.net
- ↑ Georgetown International Environmental Law Review: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3970/is_200004/ai_n8898629
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology#Production_of_novel_substances_in_crop_plants
- ↑ http://www.agron.iastate.edu/academic/undergraduate/options/agro_ecol.aspx
- ↑ http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos046.htm#outlook
Further reading засварлах
- The Future World of Agriculture by Wendy B. Murphy, Watts, 1984.
- Storia delle scienze agrarie by Antonio Saltini, 4 vols, Bologna 1984-89, ISBN 88-206-2412-5, ISBN 88-206-2413-3, ISBN 88-206-2414-1, ISBN 88-206-2414-X
External links засварлах
- The American Society of Agronomy (ASA)
- European Society for Agronomy
- The World Food Prize
- The National Agricultural Library (NAL) – Comprehensive agricultural library.