Програмчлалын хэл: Засвар хоорондын ялгаа

* ''Function:'' A programming language is a language used to write [[computer program]]s, which involve a [[computer]] performing some kind of [[computation]]<ref>{{cite web|author=[[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]] SIGPLAN|title=Bylaws of the Special Interest Group on Programming Languages of the Association for Computing Machinery|url=http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigplan/sigplan_bylaws.htm|accessdate=2006-06-19|year=2003}}, ''The scope of SIGPLAN is the theory, design, implementation, description, and application of computer programming languages - languages that permit the specification of a variety of different computations, thereby providing the user with significant control (immediate or delayed) over the computer's operation.''</ref> or [[algorithm]] and possibly control external devices such as [[Computer printer|printers]], robots,<ref name="robots">{{cite web|url=http://www.cs.brown.edu/people/tld/courses/cs148/02/programming.html |title=Programming Robots |accessdate=2006-09-23 |last=Dean |first=Tom |date= |year=2002 |work=Building Intelligent Robots |publisher=Brown University Department of Computer Science}}</ref> and so on.

* ''Target:'' Programming languages differ from [[natural language]]s in that natural languages are only used for interaction between people, while programming languages also allow humans to communicate instructions to machines. Some programming languages are used by one device to control another. For example [[PostScript]] programs are frequently created by another program to control a [[computer printer]] or display.

* ''Constructs:'' Programming languages may contain constructs for defining and manipulating [[data structure]]s or controlling the [[control flow|flow of execution]].

* ''Expressive power:'' The [[theory of computation]] classifies languages by the computations they are capable of expressing. All [[Turing complete]] languages can implement the same set of [[algorithm]]s. [[SQL|ANSI/ISO SQL]] and [[Charity programming language|Charity]] are examples of languages that are not Turing complete, yet often called programming languages.<ref>{{cite web | author=Digital Equipment Corporation | title=Information Technology - Database Language SQL (Proposed revised text of DIS 9075) | url=http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~shadow/sql/sql1992.txt | work=ISO/IEC 9075:1992, Database Language SQL | dateformat=mdy | accessdate=June 29 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=The Charity Development Group|title=The CHARITY Home Page | url=http://pll.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/charity1/www/home.html | month=December|year=1996|accessdate=2006-06-29}}, ''Charity is a categorical programming language...'', ''All Charity computations terminate.''</ref>