Монголчуудын Европ дахь байлдан дагуулалт: Засвар хоорондын ялгаа
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
|||
Мөр 1:
{{Инфобокс дайн
|conflict=[[Mongol conquests]] in Asia and Europe
|image=[[File:Genghis Khan empire-en.svg|250px]]
|caption=The route of the first Mongol expedition in Russia - 1223
|HbMimage=[[File:Battle of Mohi.svg|200px]]
|HbMcaption=
|HbMdate=April 11, 1241
|HbMplace=[[Sajó]] River, Hungary
|date=a) 1223, 1236–1240<br/>b) late 1240–1241<br/>c) April 11, 1241<br/>d) 1242
|place=<br/>a) Modern [[Russia]], [[Ukraine]] and [[Belarus]]<br/>b) Parts of southern and eastern [[Poland]]<br/>c) [[Medieval Hungary]]<br/>d) northern [[Bulgaria]]
|territory=<br/>a) [[Kievan Rus']] principalities added to Mongol Empire<br/>b) [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Kingdom of Poland]] subject to Mongol raids<br/>c) Parts of [[Kingdom of Hungary]] controlled by Mongol Empire<br/>d) [[Second Bulgarian Empire]]<br/>e) [[Cuman-Kipchak Confederation|Cumania]]
|HbMcasus=
|HbMterritory=
|HbMresult=Mongol victory
|result=<br/>a) Decisive Mongol victory resulting in principalities of Kievan State becoming [[vassal]]s of the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] [[Golden Horde]]. <br/>b) Mongol victory<br/>c) Mongol victory, but Mongol forces withdraw for a [[kurultai]]<br/>d) Mongol victory resulting in the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]] becoming a vassal of the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] [[Golden Horde]]
|combatant1=<br/><br/><br/>[[Mongol Empire]]
|combatant2=<br/>a) [[Vladimir-Suzdal]]<br>{{Coat of arms|Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia}}<br>[[File:Nowogród.svg|20px]] [[Novgorod Republic]]
<br> [[Principality of Ryazan]]<br>[[File:Volga Bulgaria.png|20px]] [[Volga Bulgars|Volga Bulgaria]]<br>[[Alans]]<br>[[File:CumaniaCoA.png|20px]] [[Cumans|Cuman-Kipchak confederation]]<br>[[Circassians]]<br>North caucasian peoples<hr
/>b) [[File:Coat of Arms of the Polish Crown.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385)|Polish states]] and allies<hr
/>c) [[File:Coa Hungary Country History Bela III (1172-1196).svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Hungary]] <br>[[Croatia in the union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]]<br>{{Coat of arms|Teutonic Knights}}<br> {{Coat of arms|Knights Templar}}<hr
/>d)[[File:Coat of arms of the Second Bulgarian Empire.svg|20px]] [[Second Bulgarian Empire]]
|HbMcombatant2={{Coat of arms|Kingdom of Hungary}} <br>{{Coat of arms|Teutonic Knights}}<br> {{Coat of arms|Knights Templar}}
|HbMcombatant1=[[Mongol Empire]]
|commander1=a) [[Batu Khan]]<br>[[Möngke Khan]]<br/>[[Subutai]]<br>[[Jebe]]<br/>[[Boroldai|Burundai]]<br>[[Berke]]<br/>[[Orda Khan|Orda]]<br>[[Güyük Khan]]<hr
/>b) [[Baidar]] (<small>possibly</small> {{KIA}})<br>[[Kadan]]<br> [[Orda Khan]]<hr
/>c) [[Batu Khan]]<br />[[Subutai]]<br />[[Shiban]]<br />[[Berke]] <br />[[Boroldai|Burundai]]<hr
/>d) [[Batu Khan]] <br>[[Kadan]]
|strength1=a) 20,000 in 1223<br>In 1236, More than 35,000 Mongols+More than 40,000 Turkic [[auxiliaries]]<hr
/>b) about 10,000 (one [[Tumen (unit)|tumen]])<ref name="Sourcesvary">Sources vary, with estimates of Mongol forces from 10,000 to 50,000.</ref><hr
/>c) '''Former estimation:'''<br/>70,000<ref name="ReferenceB">Carey states on p. 128 that Batu had 40,000 in the main body and ordered Subutai to take 30,000 troops in an encircling maneuver. Batu commanded the central prong of the Mongols' three-pronged assault on Europe. This number seems correct when compared with the numbers reported at the Battles of [[Battle of Legnica|Leignitz]] to the north and [[Battle of Hermannstadt|Hermannstadt]] ([[Sibiu]]) to the south. All three victories occurred in the same week.</ref><br/>'''New estimation:'''<br>30,000<ref name="Markó 2000"/><ref name="Liptai 1985"/>
|commander2=a) [[File:Alex K Halych-Volhynia.svg|20px]] [[Mstislav Mstislavich]]<br/> [[Yuri II of Vladimir]] {{KIA}}<br/>[[File:Alex K Kyiv Michael 2.svg|20px]][[Mstislav III of Kiev]] {{POW}}, executed<br/> Dmitro<br/> Khan [[Köten]]<hr
/>b) [[File:Alex K Halych-Volhynia.svg|20px]] [[Daniel of Galicia]] <br/>Various, most prominent being [[File:Wappen Schlesiens.png|20px]] [[Henry II the Pious]] {{KIA}}<hr
/>c) [[File:Coa Hungary Country History Béla IV (1235-1270).svg|20px]] King [[Béla IV]] <br>[[File:Alex K Kingdom of Hungary.svg|20px]] [[Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria|Prince Coloman]] {{DOW}}<br> Archbishop [[Ugrin Csák (bishop)|Ugrin Csák]] {{KIA}}<br> Archbishop [[Matthias Rátót]] {{KIA}}<br>Palatine Denis Tomaj {{KIA}}<hr
/>d) [[Ivan Asen II]]
|HbMpartof=the [[Mongol]] invasion of Hungary
|HbMcommander2=[[File:Coa Hungary Country History Béla IV (1235-1270).svg|20px]] King [[Béla IV]] <br>[[File:Alex K Kingdom of Hungary.svg|20px]] [[Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria|Prince Coloman]] <br> Archbishop [[Ugrin Csák (bishop)|Ugrin Csák]] {{KIA}}<br> Archbishop [[Matthias Rátót]] {{KIA}}<br>Palatine Denis Tomaj {{KIA}}
|HbMcommander1=[[Batu Khan]]<br />[[Subutai]]<br />[[Shiban]]<br />[[Berke]]
|strength2=a) 80,000 in 1223<hr
/>b) over 10,000-30,000<ref>René Grousset ''The Empire of Steppes''</ref>+at least 500 armed men from [[Templar order]].<hr
/>c) '''Former estimation:'''<br/>80,000<ref name="Carey, Brian Todd, p. 124">Carey, Brian Todd, p. 124</ref><br/>'''New estimation:'''<br/>25,000<ref name="Markó 2000">{{Cite book |last=Markó |first=László |title=Great Honours of the Hungarian State |year=2000 |publisher=Magyar Könyvklub |location=Budapest |isbn=963-547-085-1 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}} }}</ref><ref name="Liptai 1985">{{Cite book |last=Liptai |first=Ervin |title=Military history of Hungary |year=1985 |publisher=Zrínyi Katonai Kiadó |location=Budapest |isbn=963-326-337-9 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}} }}</ref><br/>including Hungarian heavy cavalry, [[Knights Templar]], nomadic light cavalry mercenaries and Serbian valiants. Thousands of Cumans and Kipchaks
|HbMstrength2='''Former estimation:'''<br/>80,000<ref name="Carey, Brian Todd, p. 124"/><br/>'''New estimation:'''<br/>25,000<ref name="Markó 2000"/><ref name="Liptai 1985"/><br/>including Hungarian heavy cavalry, [[Knights Templar]], nomadic light cavalry mercenaries and Serbian valiants
|HbMstrength1='''Former estimation:'''<br/>70,000<ref name="ReferenceB"/><br/>'''New estimation:'''<br>30,000<ref name="Markó 2000"/><ref name="Liptai 1985"/>
|casualties1=a) More than 7,000<hr
/>b) Minimal<hr
/>c) Few thousands killed<ref name="Liptai 1985"/>
|casualties2=a) 500,000 (6-7% of the population of Rus)<ref name="Mongol Conquests">[http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#Mongol Colin McEvedy, Atlas of World Population History (1978)]</ref> <hr
/>b) Heavy<hr
/>c) Tens of thousand killed<ref name="Liptai 1985"/>
|HbMcasualties1= Few thousand killed<ref name="Liptai 1985"/>
|HbMcasualties2= Few thousand killed<ref name="Liptai 1985"/>
}}
{{Campaignbox Mongol invasions}}
{{Campaignbox Mongol invasion of Rus'}}
{{Campaignbox Mongol invasion of Poland}}
{{Campaignbox Mongol invasion of Hungary}}
==Европыг байлдан дагуулсан Монгол==
Европыг булаан эзэлсэн монголын байлдан дагуулалт Дундад зууны эзэнт гүрнээс [[Польш]],[[Унгар]] улс руу дайралт хийж энэ булаан эзлэлт [[1237]] оны [[12 сарын 21]]-нд эхэлсэн. Европыг эзлэх булаан эзлэлтийг [[1223]] онд [[Халх]] гол орчмын Монголын генерал Сүбээдэй, Зэв нарын удирдсан тулаан [[Европ Монголын]] хооронд болж тагнуул хийж ажиглах замаар Оросын хэд хэдэн вангуудын хүчийг нэгтгэж чадсан юм.
| |||