Иосиф Сталин: Засвар хоорондын ялгаа
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Мөр 1:
{{Eastern Slavic name|Vissarionovich|Jugashvili}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = <div class="center">Joseph Stalin</div>
<div class="center" style="font-size:smaller"> Иосиф Сталин {{ru icon}} </div>
<div class="center" style="font-size:smaller"> იოსებ სტალინი {{ka icon}}</div>
| birthname= Ioseb Jugashvili
| nickname = Koba
| image = CroppedStalin1943.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Stalin at the [[Tehran Conference]] in 1943.
| office = [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|General secretary]] of the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
| term_start = 3 April 1922
| term_end = 16 October 1952
| predecessor = [[Vyacheslav Molotov]]<br><small>(as [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Responsible Secretary]])</small>
| successor = [[Nikita Khrushchev]]<br><small>(office reestablished)</small>
| office2 = [[Premier of the Soviet Union|Chairman]] of the [[Council of Ministers (Soviet Union)|Council of Ministers]]
| 1blankname2 = [[First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union|First Deputies]]
| 1namedata2 = [[Nikolai Voznesensky]]<br>[[Vyacheslav Molotov]]<br>[[Nikolai Bulganin]]
| term_start2 = 6 May 1941
| term_end2 = 5 March 1953
| predecessor2 = [[Vyacheslav Molotov]]
| successor2 = [[Georgy Malenkov]]
| office3 = [[Minister of Defence (Soviet Union)|People's Commissar for Defense]]
| premier3 = Himself
| term_start3 = 19 July 1941
| term_end3 = 25 February 1946
| predecessor3 = [[Semyon Timoshenko]]
| successor3 = [[Nikolai Bulganin]]<br><small>after vacancy</small>
| office5 = Member of the [[11th Politburo and the 11th Secretariat of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|11th]], [[12th Politburo and the 12th Secretariat of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|12th]], [[13th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|13th]], [[14th Politburo and the 14th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|14th]], [[15th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|15th]], [[16th Politburo and 16th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|16th]], [[17th Politburo and 17th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|17th]], [[18th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|18th]], [[19th Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|19th]] [[Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Secretariat]]
| term_start5 = 3 April 1922
| term_end5 = 5 March 1953
| office4 = Full member of the [[6th Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)|6th]], [[7th Bureau, the 7th Secretariat and the 7th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|7th]], [[8th Politburo and the 8th Secretariat of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|8th]], [[9th Politburo, the 9th Secretariat and the 9th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|9th]], [[10th Politburo and the 10th Secretariat of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|10th]], [[11th Politburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|11th]], [[12th Politburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|12th]], [[13th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|13th]], [[14th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|14th]], [[15th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|15th]], [[16th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|16th]], [[17th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|17th]], [[18th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|18th]], [[19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|19th]] [[Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Presidium]]
| term_start4 = 10 October 1917
| term_end4 = 5 March 1953
| office6 = Member of the [[9th Politburo, the 9th Secretariat and the 9th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|9th]], [[10th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|10th]], [[11th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|11th]], [[12th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|12th]], [[13th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|13th]], [[14th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|14th]], [[15th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|15th]], [[16th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|16th]], [[17th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|17th]], [[18th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|18th]] [[Orgburo]]
| term_start6 = 5 April 1920
| term_end6 = 16 October 1952
| office7 = Full member of the [[5th Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|5th]], [[6th Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)|6th]], [[7th Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|7th]], [[8th Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|8th]], [[9th Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|9th]], [[10th Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|10th]], [[11th Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|11th]], [[12th Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|12th]], [[13th Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|13th]], [[14th Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|14th]], [[15th Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|15th]], [[16th Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|16th]], [[17th Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|17th]], [[18th Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|18th]], [[19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|19th]] [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]]
| term_start7 = 17 January 1912
| term_end7 = 5 March 1953
|birth_name=Ioseb Besarionis dze Jugashvili
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1878|12|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Gori, Georgia|Gori]], [[Tiflis Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1953|3|5|1878|12|18|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kuntsevo Dacha]], [[Kuntsevo]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
| resting_place = [[Lenin's Mausoleum]], Moscow (9 March 1953 – 31 October 1961)<br>[[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]], Moscow (from 31 October 1961)
| party = [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
| nationality = [[Georgians|Georgian]]
| spouse = [[Ekaterina Svanidze]] (1906–1907)<br>[[Nadezhda Alliluyeva]] (1919–1932)
| children = [[Yakov Dzhugashvili]], [[Vasily Dzhugashvili]], [[Svetlana Alliluyeva]]
| parents = [[Besarion Jughashvili]] and [[Ketevan Geladze]]
| allegiance = {{flagu|Soviet Union|1923}}
| branch = [[Soviet Armed Forces]]
| serviceyears = 1943–1953
| rank = [[Marshal of the Soviet Union]] (1943–1945) <br> [[Generalissimus of the Soviet Union]] (1945–1953)
| commands = ''All'' (supreme commander)
| battles = [[World War I]]<br>[[Russian Civil War]]<br>[[Polish–Soviet War]]<br>[[World War II]]
| awards = {{Hero of the Soviet Union}} {{Hero of the Soviet Union}} [[File:Hero of Socialist Labor medal.png|20px]] [[File:Badge Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.jpg|70px]]<br>[[File:Ordervictory rib.png|30px]] [[File:Ordervictory rib.png|30px]]<br>[[File:Order of Red Banner ribbon bar.png|25px]] [[File:Order of Red Banner ribbon bar.png|25px]] [[File:20 years saf rib.png|25px]] [[File:Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png|25px|link=Order of Lenin]]<br>[[File:Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png|25px|link=Order of Lenin]] [[File:Order suvorov1 rib.png|25px]] [[File:Ribbon bar for the medal for the Defense of Moscow.png|25px]] [[File:Orderglory rib.png|25px]]<br>[[File:OrdenSuheBator.png|25px]] [[File:OrdenSuheBator.png|25px]] [[File:Victoryjapan rib.png|25px]] [[File:Victoryjapan rib.png|25px]]<br>[[File:800thMoscowRibbon.png|25px]] [[File:Order redstar rib.png|25px]] [[File:Order redstar rib.png|25px]] [[File:Order redstar rib.png|25px]]<br>[[File:Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 Bar.png|25px]] [[File:Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 Bar.png|25px]] [[File:TCH Rad Bileho Lva 5 tridy (1990) BAR.svg|25px]] [[File:TCH Rad Bileho Lva 1 tridy (pre1990) BAR.svg|25px]] [[File:Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 Bar.png|25px]]
| signature = Stalin Signature.svg
}}
[[File:CroppedStalin1943.jpg|thumb|Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин]]
'''Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин''' (''жинх.'' '''Иосиф Виссарионович Жугашвили''', [[1878]] оны 12 сарын 18-нд төрж - [[1953]] оны 3 сарын 5-нд нас барсан) нь [[Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс|Зөвлөлт]]ийн улс төрч. [[Гүрж]]ид гуталчны хүү болж төрсөн тэрбээр шашны сургуульд сурч байсан боловч хувьсгалт үйл ажиллагаа явуулсны учир 1899 онд сургуулиасаа хөөгджээ. Тэрбээр нууц хувьсгалт бүлгэмд нэгдэж, 1903 онд [[Оросын Социал Демократ Ажилчны Нам]]ын большевик фракцын талд оржээ. [[Владимир Ильич Ленин]]ий шавь болсон тэрбээр намд доогуур албан тушаал хашиж байгаад 1912 онд анхны Большевик Төв хороонд томилогдсон. 1917 оны Оросын хувьсгалаар большевикууд төрийн эрхэнд гарах хүртэл тайзны ард идэвхтэй ажиллаж байсан бөгөөд 1913-1917 онд цөллөгт байсан. Сталин (Оросын сталь буюу “ган” хэмээх үгнээс гаралтай) хэмээх нэрийг аваад, большевик засгийн газарт үндэстэн ястнууд болон төрийн хяналтыг хариуцсан комиссарын үүрэгт ажлыг гүйцэтгэсэн (1917-1923). 1922 оноос Сталин намын Төв Хорооны ерөнхий нарийн бичгийн дарга бөгөөд Улс төрийн товчооны гишүүн болсон. Энэхүү ерөнхий нарийн бичгийн даргын албан тушаал нь сүүлд дарангуйлал тогтоох эрх мэдлийнх нь үндэс суурийг бүрдүүлсэн. Ленинийг нас барсны (1924) дараа Сталин [[Лев Троцкий]], [[Григорий Зиновьев]], [[Лев Каменев]], [[Николай Бухарин]], [[Алексей Рыков]] зэрэг өрсөлдөгчдөө ялж, Зөвлөлтийн улс төрийн хяналтыг гартаа авчээ. 1928 онд тэрбээр Зөвлөлтийн эдийн засаг, нийгмийн бүтцийг эрс өөрчилж, олон сая хүний аминд хүрсэн Таван жилийн төлөвлөгөөгөө тунхаглалаа. 1930-аад онд тэрбээр Хядлага хийж, олноор нь цаазаар авах, цээрлүүлэх зэргээр эрх мэдэлд нь учрах аюулыг арилгаж дөнгөжээ. [[Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн]]ы үеэр тэрбээр баруун хилээ бэхжүүлэхийн тулд Герман-Зөвлөлтийн харилцан үл довтлох гэрээнд (1939) гарын үсэг зурж, [[Финлянд]] руу довтолж ([[Зөвлөлт-Финийн дайн]]ыг үзнэ үү), Зүүн Европын зарим хэсгийг Зөвлөлтөд нэгтгэжээ. Герман Зөвлөлтөд халдан довтлоход (1941) Сталин цэргийн үйл ажиллагааны удирдлагыг гартаа авсан. Тэрбээр Оросыг [[Британи]], [[АНУ]]-ын холбоотон болгож, [[Тегеран]], [[Ялта]], [[Потсдам]]ын бага хурлууд дээр хэлэлцээ хийх чадвараа харуулсан юм. Дайны дараа тэрбээр Зүүн Европ дахь Зөвлөлтийн нөлөөг бэхжүүлж, Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсыг дэлхийн цэргийн гүрэн болгосон. Сталин дотоодын эсрэг үзэл бодлыг хянах улс төрийн харгис арга хэмжээ авч байсан бөгөөд улам бүр параноид болж байлаа. Тэрбээр нас барах үедээ Эмч нарын хуйвалдаан хэмээх хядлагын дараа дахин нэг хядлага явуулахаар бэлтгэж байжээ. Ард түмэндээ аймшигтай их гарз хохирол учруулан байж Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улсыг дэлхийд нөлөөтэй гүрэн болгосон гэгддэг тэрбээр харгислал, айдас хүйдсийн зэрэгцээ аж үйлдвэржсэн цэргийн гүрэнг үлдээсэн юм. 1956 онд Сталин болон түүнийг тахин шүтэх үзлийг [[Никита Хрущев]] шүүмжилж буруушаасан юм.
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