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Prokaryotic chromosomes and plasmids are, like eukaryotic DNA, generally [[Mechanical properties of DNA#Supercoiled DNA|supercoiled]]. The DNA must first be released into its relaxed state for access for [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription]], regulation, and [[DNA replication|replication]].
==Янз бүрийн организмууд дахь хромосомын тоо==
==Number of chromosomes in various organisms==
===EukaryotesЭукариотууд===
{| style="float:right;"|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em 0 1em 1em"
|+ Зарим ургамал дахь хромосомын тоо (2n)
|+ Chromosome numbers (2n) in some plants
|-
! Ургамалын зүйлүүд !! #
! Plant Species !! #
|-
| ''[[Arabidopsis thaliana]]'' || 10
|-
| [[RyeХөх тариа]] || 14
|-
| [[MaizeЭрдэнэ шиш]] || 20
|-
| [[Einkorn wheat]]<ref name=Dubcovsky>{{cite journal |author=Dubcovsky J, Luo MC, Zhong GY, ''et al'' |title=Genetic map of diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum L., and its comparison with maps of Hordeum vulgare L |journal=Genetics |volume=143 |issue=2 |pages=983–99 |year=1996 |pmid=8725244 |url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1207354&blobtype=pdf}}</ref> || 14
| [[Bread wheat]]<ref name=Dubcovsky/> || 42
|-
| WildЗэрлэг [[tobaccoтамхи]]{{Fact|date=February 2007}} || 24<!-- taxon? -->
|-
| CultivatedТаримал tobaccoтамхи || 48
|-
| [[Ophioglossum|Adder's Tongue Fern]]<ref>Bogin, Barry, Edward Alcamo, Curtis Chubb, William J. Ehmann, Mark R. Feil, David R. Hershey, Mitchell Leslie, Karel F. Liem, William Thwaites, and Salvatore Tocci. Austin: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1999. 146.</ref> || 1262
|
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em 0 1em 1em"
|+ Зарим амьтад дахь хромосомын тоо (2n)
|+ Chromosome numbers (2n) in some animals
|-
! SpeciesЗүйлүүд !! # !! SpeciesЗүйлүүд !! #
|-
| [[Drosophila melanogaster|Common fruit fly]] || 8
| [[GuineaУсан Pigгахай]] <ref>{{cite journal |author=Umeko Semba, Yasuko Umeda, Yoko Shibuya, Hiroaki Okabe, Sumio Tanase and Tetsuro Yamamoto |title=Primary structures of guinea pig high- and low-molecular-weight kininogens |journal=International Immunopharmacology |volume=4 |issue=10-11 |pages=1391-1400 |year=2004 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6W7N-4CX6PRC-1/2/97487fdf611a04e3c88690da9e6d853b}}</ref>|| 64
|-
| [[DoveТагтаа]]{{Fact|date=February 2007}} || 16<!-- taxon? -->
| [[SnailМогой]]{{Fact|date=February 2007}} || 24<!-- taxon? -->
|-
| [[EarthwormЧийгийн улаан хорхой]]<ref>Bogin, Barry, Edward Alcamo, Curtis Chubb, William J. Ehmann, Mark R. Feil, David R. Hershey, Mitchell Leslie, Karel F. Liem, William Thwaites, and Salvatore Tocci. Austin: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1999. 146.</ref> || 36<!-- taxon? -->
| [[TibetanТөвдийн foxүнэг]] || 36
|-
| [[DomesticГэрийн catмуур]] || 38
| [[Domestic pigГахай]] || 38
|-
| [[LabЛабораторын mouseхулгана]] || 40
| [[LabЛабораторын ratхарх]] || 42
|-
| [[RabbitМолтогчин туулай]]{{Fact|date=February 2007}} || 44<!-- taxon? -->
| [[SyrianСири hamsterзусаг]] || 44
|-
| [[HareТуулай]]{{Fact|date=February 2007}} || 46<!-- taxon? -->
| [[HumanХүн]]<ref name=Grouchy/> ||46
|-
| [[GorillaГорилла]]s<!--both species-->, [[Chimpanzee]]s<!--both species--><ref name=Grouchy>{{cite journal |author=De Grouchy J |title=Chromosome phylogenies of man, great apes, and Old World monkeys |journal=Genetica |volume=73 |issue=1-2 |pages=37–52 |year=1987 |pmid=3333352}}</ref> || 48
| [[Domestic sheepХонь]] || 54
|-
| [[ElephantЗаан]]s<ref>{{cite journal |author=Houck ML, Kumamoto AT, Gallagher DS, Benirschke K |title=Comparative cytogenetics of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus) |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=93 |issue=3-4 |pages=249–52 |year=2001 |pmid=11528120}}</ref> || 56<!-- taxon? -->
| [[Cattle|CowҮхэр]] || 60
|-
| [[DonkeyИлжиг]] || 62
| [[HorseМорь]] || 64
|-
| [[DogНохой]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Wayne RK, Ostrander EA |title=Origin, genetic diversity, and genome structure of the domestic dog |journal=Bioessays |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=247–57 |year=1999 |pmid=10333734}}</ref> || 78
| [[ChickenТахиа]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Burt DW |title=Origin and evolution of avian microchromosomes |journal=Cytogenet. Genome Res. |volume=96 |issue=1-4 |pages=97–112 |year=2002 |pmid=12438785}}</ref> || 39
|-
| [[GoldfishАлтан загас]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ciudad J, Cid E, Velasco A, Lara JM, Aijón J, Orfao A |title=Flow cytometry measurement of the DNA contents of G0/G1 diploid cells from three different teleost fish species |journal=Cytometry |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=20–5 |year=2002 |pmid=12116377}}</ref> || 100-104
| [[Bombyx mori|Silkworm]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Yasukochi Y, Ashakumary LA, Baba K, Yoshido A, Sahara K |title=A second-generation integrated map of the silkworm reveals synteny and conserved gene order between lepidopteran insects |journal=Genetics |volume=173 |issue=3 |pages=1319–28 |year=2006 |pmid=16547103}}</ref> || 28
|}
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