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Афганистан: Засвар хоорондын ялгаа

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{{ Инфобокс улс
<!-- Хөрвүүлэгч  -->
| conventional_long_name = Афганистаны Исламын Эмират Улс<br/><span style="text-align:left;">{{МонголЮникод|ᠠᠹᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋</br>ᠢᠰᠯᠠᠮ ᠤ᠋ᠨ</br>ᠡᠮᠢᠷᠠᠲ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ|size=1em}}</span>
|conventional_long_name = Афганистаны Исламын Эмират Улс
| common_name = Афганистан
|common_name =
| native_name = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|ps|د افغانستان اسلامي امارت|italic=no}}<br />{{small|{{transliteration|ps|Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat}}}}|{{native name|prs|امارت اسلامی افغانستان|italic=no}}<br />{{small|{{transliteration|prs|Imārat-i Islāmī-yi Afghānistān}}}}}}
|name = image_flag = Flag of Taliban.svg
|native_name = د افغانستان اسلامي امارت <small>([[Паштун хэл|паштун]])</small><br />''да афганистан ислами эмират''<br /> امارت اسلامی افغانستان <small>([[Перс хэл#Дари|дари]])</small><br />''эмират-е еслами-е афганестан''
| flag_type = [[Афганистаны төрийн далбаа|Төрийн далбаа]]
|linking_name image_coat= = Arms of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.svg
|image_flag = Flag of the Taliban.svg
| alt_coat = Coat of Arms of the Islamic Emirate<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://law.acku.edu.af/fa/download/file/fa/12686/77746 |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 September 2021 |archive-date=3 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603201955/http://law.acku.edu.af/fa/download/file/fa/12686/77746 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| symbol_type = = [[ {{#if: Афганистаны төрийн сүлд |Сүлд]] Төрийн сүлд }}
|flag_caption = {{#if: Афганистаны төрийн далбаа | Төрийн далбаа }}
| national_motto = {{lang|ar|لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله}}<br/>{{transl|ar|Lā ʾilāha ʾillā llāh, Muhammadun rasūlu llāh}}<br/>
|image_symbol = Arms of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.svg
"[[Ислам дахь бурхан|Аллахаас]] өөр бурхан байхгүй; [[Мухаммед]] бол Аллахын элч." (''[[Шахада]]'')
|motto =
| national_anthem = {{lang|ps|دا د باتورانو کور}}<br />{{transliteration|ps|Dā Də Bātorāno Kor}}<br />"[[Афганистаны төрийн дуулал|Энэ нь эр зоригтнуудын гэр юм]]"<ref name="Tharoor">{{Cite news|last=Tharoor|first=Ishaan|date=19 June 2013|title=The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?|magazine=Time|url=https://world.time.com/2013/06/19/the-talibans-qatar-office-are-prospects-for-peace-already-doomed/|access-date=19 August 2021|issn=0040-781X}}</ref>{{parabr}}
|national_motto =
| image_map = {{switcher|[[File:Afghanistan (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Дэлхийн бөмбөрцөг дэх Афганистан|[[File:Afghanistan - Location Map (2013) - AFG - UNOCHA.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Афганистаны газрын зураг}}
|anthem = capital = [[Кабул]]
|royal_anthem =
| coordinates = {{Coord|34|31|N|69|11|E|region:AF_source:geonames|display=inline,title}}<ref>[{{geonameslink|gnid=1149361|name=islamic-republic-of-afghanistan}} Islamic Republic of Afghanistan] in [{{geonamesabout}} Geonames.org (CC BY)]</ref>
|national_anthem = [[Афганистаны төрийн дуулал]]
| largest_city = Кабул
|other_symbol_type =
| official_languages = {{hlist|[[Паштун хэл]]|[[Дари хэл]]}}
|other_symbol = ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
|text_symbol_type =
| 42% [[Паштунууд]]
|text_symbol =
| 27% [[Тажикууд]]
|image_map_caption =
| {{figure space}}9% [[Хазара]]
|image_map = Afghanistan on the globe (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg
| {{figure space}}9% [[Узбекчүүд]]
|image_map2 =
| {{figure space}}4% [[Аймак]]
|image_map3 =
| {{figure space}}3% [[Туркменчүүд]]
|alt_map3 =
| {{figure space}}2% [[Балуч ястан|Балуч]]
|largest_city =
| {{figure space}}4% [[Афганистан дахь угсаатны бүлгүүд|Бусад]]
|largest_settlement =
}}
|largest_settlement_type =
| ethnic_groups_ref = {{Efn|Афганистанд сүүлийн хүн амын тооллого 1979 онд явагдсан, ба бүтэн явагдаагүй юм. Улсад [[Афганистаны мөргөлдөөн (1978–одоо үе)|явагдаж буй мөргөлдөөний]] улмаас тэр үеэс албан ёсны хүн амын тооллого явагдаагүй юм.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://afghanistan.unfpa.org/en/node/15230|title = Population Matters|date = 3 March 2016}}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/afghanistans-ethnic-mosaic/articleshow/85552093.cms
|admin_center =
| title=Afghanistan's ethnic mosaic| author=timesofindia| website=[[The Times of India]]| date= 23 August 2021| publisher= | via=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/afghanistan-population
|admin_center_type =
| title="Afghanistan Population 2021"| author=World Population Review| date= 19 September 2021| publisher= | via=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1258799/afghanistan-share-of-population-by-ethnic-group/
|capital = [[Кабул]]
| title=Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020| author=statista.com| date= 20 August 2021| publisher= | via=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghan-ethnic-groups-brief-investigation
|government_type = Исламын Эмират улс {{#if: Исламын улс | <br />Исламын улс}}
| title=Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation| author=reliefweb.int| date= 14 August 2011| publisher= | via=}}</ref>
|official_languages = [[Паштун хэл|Паштун]], [[Перс хэл#Дари|дари (перс)]]<ref name="Iranica">{{EIr|afghanistan-iv-ethnography|Verfasser=Ch. M. Kieffer|Artikelname=Languages of Afghanistan|Artikeldatum=2009|Zugriff=2015-09-20}}</ref><ref name="CIA">{{CIA-Factbook|Pfad=|Code=AF|Text=Afghanistan}}</ref>
| ethnic_groups_year = 2019 албан бус тооцоо
|regional_languages religion= = {{unbulleted list
|demonym =
| 99.7% [[Афганистан дахь Ислам|Ислам]] ([[Улсын албан ёсны шашин|албан ёсны]])
|ethnic_groups =
| 0.3% [[Афганистаны хүн ам#Шашин|Бусад]]
|ethnic_groups_year =
}}
|legislature = religion_year = 2009
|upper_house =
| demonym = [[Афганчууд]]<ref name="Constitution of Afghanistan">{{cite web|title=Constitution of Afghanistan|url=https://www.afghanembassy.us/about-afghanistan/constitution/|year=2004|access-date=16 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920112856/http://www.afghanembassy.us/about-afghanistan/constitution/|archive-date=20 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Afghan {{!}} meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary |publisher=the Cambridge English Dictionary |isbn=9781107660151 |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/afghan }}</ref>
|lower_house =
| government_type = [[Нэгдмэл улс|Нэгдмэл]] [[тоталитаризм|тоталитар]]<ref>
|leader_name1 = Дээд удирдагч<br />[[Хибатулла Ахунзада]]
*{{cite journal |last1=Sakhi |first1=Nilofar |title=The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan and Security Paradox |journal=Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs |date=December 2022 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=383–401 |doi=10.1177/23477970221130882 |s2cid=253945821 |quote=Afghanistan is now controlled by a militant group that operates out of a totalitarian ideology.}}
|leader_title1 = {{#if: Дээд удирдагч<br />[[Хибатулла Ахунзада]] | Төрийн тэргүүн}}
*{{cite web |last1=Madadi |first1=Sayed |title=Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/dysfunctional-centralization-and-growing-fragility-under-taliban-rule |website=[[Middle East Institute]] |access-date=28 November 2022 |date=6 September 2022 |quote=In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist peacefully.}}
|leader_name2 = [[Хасан Ахунд]]
*{{cite web |last1=Sadr |first1=Omar |title=Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban |url=https://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/omar-sadr-afghanistan-taliban-rule-totalitarianism-human-rights-news-2441/ |website=Fair Observer |access-date=28 November 2022 |date=23 March 2022 |quote=The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime.}}
|leader_title2 = {{#if: [[Хасан Ахунд]] | Засгийн тэргүүн}}
*{{cite web |title=Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/southasiasource/dismantlement-of-the-taliban-regime-is-the-only-way-forward-for-afghanistan/ |website=[[Atlantic Council]] |access-date=28 November 2022 |date=8 September 2022 |quote=As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban's Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature.}}
|leader_name3 =
*{{cite web |last1=Akbari |first1=Farkhondeh |title=The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan |url=https://extremism.gwu.edu/risks-facing-hazaras-taliban-ruled-afghanistan |website=[[George Washington University]] |access-date=28 November 2022 |date=7 March 2022 |quote=In the Taliban's totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level.}}</ref> [[түр засгийн газар|түр]] [[теократ]] [[Исламын улс|исламын]] [[эмират]]<!--Non-monarchical emirate--><ref>
|leader_title3 =
*{{cite news |last1=Choi |first1=Joseph |title=EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/571292-eu-provisional-taliban-government-does-not-fulfill-promises |access-date=18 March 2022 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=8 September 2021}}
|leader_name4 =
*{{cite news |last1=Bezhan |first1=Frud |title=Key Figures In The Taliban's New Theocratic Government |url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/afghanistan-taliban-government-figures/31448372.html |access-date=6 February 2022 |work=[[Radio Farda]] |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |date=7 September 2021}}
|leader_title4 =
*{{cite news |last1=George |first1=Susannah |title=Inside the Taliban campaign to forge a religious emirate |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2023/afghanistan-taliban-islamic-law-rights/ |access-date=19 February 2023 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=18 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gul |first1=Ayaz |title=Taliban Say They Will Use Parts of Monarchy Constitution to Run Afghanistan for Now |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/taliban-say-they-will-use-parts-of-monarchy-constitution-to-run-afghanistan-for-now/6248880.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=[[Voice of America]] |date=28 September 2021 |location=[[Islamabad, Pakistan]] |quote=The Taliban said Tuesday they plan to temporarily enact articles from Afghanistan’s 1964 constitution that are 'not in conflict with Islamic Sharia (law)' to govern the country.}}</ref>
|leader_name5 =
| leader_title1 = [[Афганистаны дээд удирдагч|Дээд удирдагч]]
|leader_title5 =
| leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Хибатулла Ахунзада]]}}
|sovereignty_type =
| leader_title2 = [[Афганистан Улсын Ерөнхий Сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]]
|established_event1 = {{#if: [[1919 он|1919]]-[[8 сарын 19|08-19]] <br /> ([[Их Британи]]ас тусгаарласан)<ref name="CIA" /> |Үйл|}}
| leader_name2 = [[Хасан Ахунд]] ([[Ерөнхий сайдын үүрэг гүйцэтгэгч|үүрэг гүйцэтгэгч]])
|established_date1 = [[1919 он|1919]]-[[8 сарын 19|08-19]] <br /> ([[Их Британи]]ас тусгаарласан)<ref name="CIA" />
| leader_title3 = [[Афганистаны Ерөнхий шүүгч|Ерөнхий шүүгч]]
|established_event2 =
| leader_name3 = [[Абдул Хаким Исхакзай]]
|established_date2 =
| legislature = [[Афганистаны Удирдах Зөвлөл|Удирдах Зөвлөл]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Afghanistan's Taliban ruler faces rare internal criticism, revealing divisions |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-divisions-supreme-leader-akhundzada-rare-criticism/ |access-date=19 February 2023 |work=[[CBS News]] |date=17 February 2023 |quote=Its commanders and politicians take their orders from a powerful leadership council based not in the capital of Kabul, but in the Taliban's traditional homeland of Kandahar, in southern Afghanistan.}}</ref>
|established_event3 =
| sovereignty_type = [[Афганистаны Түүх|Түүх]]
|established_date3 =
| established_event1 = [[Хотак гүрэн]]
|established_event4 =
| established_date1 = [[Мир Вайс|1709]]–[[Кандахарын бүслэлт|1738]]
|established_date4 =
| established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Дурраны эзэнт гүрэн]]}}
|established_event5 =
| established_date2 = 1747–1823
|established_date5 =
| established_event3 = [[Афганистаны Эмират|Эмират]]
|established_event6 =
| established_date3 = 1823–1839
|established_date6 =
| established_event4 = [[Дурраны эзэнт гүрэн|Дурраны хаант улсын сэргэлт]]
|established_event7 =
| established_date4 = [[Анхны Англи-Афганистаны дайн|1839–1842]]
|established_date7 =
| established_event5 = [[Афганистаны Эмират|Эмиратын сэргэлт]]
|established_event8 =
| established_date5 = [[Анхны Англи-Афганистаны дайн|1842–1926]]
|established_date8 =
| established_event6 = [[Дост Мухаммед Хан|Дост Мухаммед Хан Афганистаныг нэгтгэв]]
|established_event9 = dasdas
| established_date6 = [[1862-1863 оны Хератын аян дайн|1863 оны 5 сарын 27]]
|established_date9 =
| established_event7 = [[Гандамакын гэрээ|Англи-Афганистаны гэрээ]]
|established_event20 =
| established_date7 = [[Хоёрдугаар Англи-Афганистаны дайн|1879 оны 5 сарын 26]]
|established_date20 = {{#if:|Европын холбоонд элссэн}}
| established_event8 = [[Гуравдугаар Англи-Афганистаны дайн|Тусгаар тогтнол]]
|date_start =
| established_date8 = [[Афганистаны Тусгаар Тогтнолын Өдөр|1919 оны 8 сарын 19]]
|area_label = Нийт
| established_event9 = [[Афганистаны хаант улс|Хаант улс]]
|area_rank =
| established_date9 = 1926 оны 6 сарын 9
|area_km2 = 652.864<ref name="Area and administrative Population">[http://cso.gov.af/en Central Statistics Organization of Afghanistan]: Statistical Yearbook 2012-2013, Abschnitt [http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/Area%20and%20Administrative%20and%20Population.pdf Area and administrative Population].</ref>
| established_event10 = [[Бүгд Найрамдах Афганистан Улс (1973–1978)|Бүгд найрамдах улс]]
|percent_water =
| established_date10 = [[1973 оны Афганистаны төрийн эргэлт|1973 оны 7 сарын 17]]
|stat_area2 =
| established_event11 = [[Бүгд Найрамдах Ардчилсан Афганистан Улс|Ардчилсан Бүгд найрамдах улс]]
|stat_year2 =
| established_date11 = [[Саурын хувьсгал|1978 оны 8 сарын 27-28]]
|population_estimate = 33.332.025 <small>(Багцаагаар, мэдээ: 2016 оны долоодугаар сар)<ref name="CIA" /></small>
| established_event12 = [[Афганистаны Исламын улс|Исламын улс]]
|population_estimate_rank =
| established_date12 = 1992 оны 4 сарын 28
|population_estimate_year =
| established_event13 = [[Афганистаны Исламын Эмират Улс (1996–2001)|Исламын Эмират Улс]]
|population_census_year =
| established_date13 = 1996 оны 9 сарын 27
|population_census =
| established_event14 = [[Афганистаны Исламын Бүгд Найрамдах Улс|Исламын Бүгд Найрамдах Улс]]
|stat_year1 = {{#if: +3,49 % | Өсөлт}}
| established_date14 = 2004 оны 1 сарын 26
|stat_pop1 = +3,49 %
| established_event15 = [[Кабулын уналт (2021)|Исламын Эмиратын сэргэлт]]
|population_density_km2 = 50
| established_date15 = 2021 оны 8 сарын 15
|population_density_rank =
| area_km2 = 652,867<ref>Central Statistics Office Afghanistan</ref>
|GDP_PPP area_rank= = 40 * Нийт (нэрлэсэн)
* Нийт ([[Худалдан авах чадварын харьцаа|ХАЧХ]])
| area_sq_mi = 252,072
* ДНБ/Хүн ам (нэрл.)
| percent_water = бага
* ДНБ/Хүн ам (ХАЧХ)
| population_estimate = 38,346,720<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Afghanistan|access-date=24 September 2022|year=2022}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_year =
| population_estimate_year = 2022
|GDP_PPP_rank =
| population_estimate_rank = 37
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =
| population_density_km2 = 48.08
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| population_density_sq_mi = 119
|GDP_nominal = 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/index.aspx]
| population_density_rank = 174
International Monetary Fund</ref>
| GDP_PPP = $72.911&nbsp;тэрбум<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=63&pr.y=8&sy=2018&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Afghanistan |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref>
* 18,88 тэрбум [[Америк доллар|$]] <small>([[Дэлхийн улсуудын дотоодын нийт бүтээгдэхүүний жагсаалт (нэрлэсэн үнэ)|113.]])</small>
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
* 64,08 тэрбум [[Америк доллар|$]] <small>([[Дэлхийн улсуудын дотоодын нийт бүтээгдэхүүний жагсаалт (нэрлэсэн үнэ)|101.]])</small>
| GDP_PPP_rank = 96
* 565 [[Америк доллар|$]] <small>([[Улсуудын нэг хүнд ногдох дотоодын нийт бүтээгдэхүүний жагсаалт|179.]])</small>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,024<ref name="imf2"/>
* 1.919 [[Америк доллар|$]] <small>([[Улсуудын нэг хүнд ногдох дотоодын нийт бүтээгдэхүүний жагсаалт|171.]])</small>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 169
|GDP_nominal_year =
| GDP_nominal = $21.657&nbsp;тэрбум<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =
| GDP_nominal_rank = 111
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $493<ref name=imf2/>
|Gini =
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 177
|Gini_year HDI= = 0.478<!-- number only -->
|Gini_change =
| HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year -->
|Gini_rank = HDI_change = decrease<!-- increase/decrease/steady -->
|HDI = 0.479
| HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World|date=2022|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=284|isbn=9789211264517|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="UNHDRDiff">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref>
|HDI_year HDI_rank= = 180 2016
|HDI_ref = <ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/en/2016-report] United Nations Development Programme ([[UNDP]]).</ref>
| currency = [[Афгани]] ({{lang|prs|افغانی}})
|HDI_change = currency_code = AFNdecrease
|currency = time_zone = [[АфганистаныАфганы Цагафгани]] (AFN)
|currency_code =
| utc_offset = +4:30<br />[[Исламын хуанли|Сарны хуанли]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-26 |title=Taliban Changes Solar Year to Hijri Lunar Calendar |url=https://8am.af/eng/taliban-changes-solar-year-to-hijri-lunar-calendar/ |access-date=2022-09-04 |work=Hasht-e Subh Daily |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904224713/https://8am.af/eng/taliban-changes-solar-year-to-hijri-lunar-calendar/ |archive-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>
|utc_offset = DST_note =
|time_zone = [[Координатжуулсан дэлхийн цаг|UTC]][[UTC+4:30|+4:30]]
| drives_on = баруун
|time_zone_DST =
| calling_code = [[Афганистан дахь утасны дугаар|+93]]
| cctld = = [[.af]]<br />[[افغانستان.af]]
|calling_code = +93<ref>[http://www.wtng.info/wtng-hst.html WTNG.info]</ref>
| status = [[Афганистаны Исламын Эмират улсыг хүлээн зөвшөөрөл|Хүлээн зөвшөөрөгдөөгүй засгийн газар]] доорх [[Нэгдсэн Үндэстний Байгууллагын гишүүн улсууд|НҮБ-ын гишүүн улс]]
|date_format today= =
|drives_on =
|footnotes =
|footnote1 =
|footnote2 =
|footnote3 =
|footnote4 =
|iso3166code = [[ISO 3166-2:AF|AF]], AFG, 004<ref>[http://www.statoids.com/wab.html Statoids.com]</ref>
}}
 
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